Nangonaizithuthuthu zombanekunye neenqwelo zombane zombini iindlela zokuthutha zombane, kukho ukungafani okuthile ngokwenkcazo, ukubonakala kunye nesakhiwo, ukusebenza kunye neempawu, imarike kunye nezicelo. Ngophuhliso lwenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphila kwabantu, izithuthi zombane ziye ngokuthe ngcembe zibe yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokuthutha abantu ukuba bahambe. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimarike, amagama kunye neenkcazo zezithuthuthu zombane kunye neenqwelo zombane ngamanye amaxesha ziyabhida. Eli nqaku liza kuchaza umahluko phakathi kwezithuthuthu zombane kunye nezithuthi zombane ukukunceda uqonde ngcono ezi ndlela zimbini zokuhamba.
Eyokuqala yinkcazo kunye nokuhlelwa; isithuthuthu sombane sisithuthuthu esiqhutywa ngumbane, ngokuqhelekileyo sisebenzisa i-motor yombane endaweni ye-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi. Iimpawu zokusebenza zezithuthuthu zombane ezifana nesantya, ukukhawuleza kunye nomgama wokuqhuba zifana nezithuthuthu zamafutha zendabuko, kodwa imithombo yazo yamandla yahlukile. Ngokwemigaqo kazwelonke efanelekileyo, izithuthuthu zombane zezodidi lwezithuthi kwaye zifuna ukubhaliswa, ilayisenisi yokuqhuba kunye nezinye iinkqubo.
Izithuthi zombane zidla ngokubhekisa kwizithuthi ezisebenza ngombane, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zizithuthi zombane. Xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi zamafutha zemveli, izithuthi zombane zineenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zamandla, iinkqubo zothumelo, kunye nezakhiwo zomzimba. Ngokwemigaqo yesizwe echaphazelekayo, izithuthi zombane nazo zezodidi lwezithuthi kwaye zifuna ukubhaliswa, ilayisenisi yokuqhuba kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi iintlobo zezithuthi zombane, kubandakanya izithuthi zombane ezisulungekileyo, izithuthi ezixubileyo, kunye neenqwelo ze-hydrogen zeseli.
Eyesibini yinkangeleko nesakhiwo; inkangeleko kunye nokwakheka kwezithuthuthu zombane ziyafana nezithuthuthu zamafutha esintu. Ngokuqhelekileyo bathatha idizayini enamavili amabini okanye amavili amathathu kwaye banokuhamba okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka. Izinto zomzimba wezithuthuthu zombane zisebenzisa isinyithi kunye nezixhobo ezidibeneyo, kwaye isakhiwo somzimba silula. Ibhetri yesithuthuthu sombane ngokuqhelekileyo ifakwe phantsi komzimba okanye ngasemva, kwaye i-motor yombane ifakwe kwi-wheel hub okanye kwi-shaft drive.
Imbonakalo kunye nesakhiwo sezithuthi zombane zifana neenqwelo zemveli zamafutha. Ngokuqhelekileyo bamkela uyilo lwamavili amane kwaye banokukhululeka okungcono kunye nokuzinza. Izixhobo zomzimba zezithuthi zombane nazo zisebenzisa isinyithi kunye nezixhobo ezidibeneyo, kodwa ubume bomzimba bunzima, kubandakanya i-chassis, umzimba, ipakethe yebhetri, imoto yombane kunye nenkqubo yokulawula. Ipakethi yebhetri yesithuthi sombane ivame ukufakwa phantsi komzimba okanye ngasemva, kwaye i-motor yombane ifakwe kwi-wheel hub okanye kwi-shaft drive.
Okwesithathu kukusebenza kunye neempawu; ezona mpawu zinkulu zezithuthuthu zombane kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukonga amandla kunye noqoqosho. Zisebenza ngombane, azikhuphi mbhobho wasemva kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, izithuthuthu zombane zisebenzisa amandla amancinci kwaye zinokuhamba umgama omde ngokwentelekiso emva kokutshaja. Ukongeza, iindleko zokuthenga nokugcina izithuthuthu zombane ziphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke ukuhamba umgama omfutshane kunye nokuya ezidolophini. Nangona kunjalo, isantya sokuqhuba kunye nomthwalo womthwalo wezithuthuthu zombane zincinci, zibenza bangafaneleki ukuhamba umgama omde we-high-speed drive okanye ukuthutha umthwalo onzima.
Iimpawu ezinkulu zezithuthi zombane kukugcina amandla, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nobukrelekrele. Zikwasebenza ngombane, azikhuphi umoya kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, izithuthi zombane nazo zinosetyenziso oluphantsi lwamandla, kodwa umgama wazo wokuqhuba kunye nomthamo womthwalo uphezulu. Ukongeza, izithuthi zombane nazo zinenqanaba eliphezulu lobukrelekrele, kubandakanywa nemisebenzi efana nokuqhuba ukuzimela, ukuhamba ngobukrelekrele kunye nokulawula ilizwi. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zokuthengwa kunye nokugcinwa kwezithuthi zombane ziphezulu kakhulu, kwaye izibonelelo ezixhasayo ezifana neendawo zokutshaja kufuneka zakhiwe.
Eyesine yimarike kunye nokusetyenziswa; izithuthuthu zombane zinezicelo ezithile kunye nophuhliso kwiimarike zasekhaya nezangaphandle. Kumazwe aseAsia nakwimimandla, efana neTshayina, iJapan neThailand, izithuthuthu zombane ziye zaba yeyona ndlela iphambili yothutho lokuhamba ezidolophini. Kwiindawo ezinje ngeYurophu noMntla Merika, izithuthuthu zombane ngokuthe ngcembe ziye zafumana ukuthandwa nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Izithuthuthu zombane zinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kubandakanywa nokuhamba edolophini, ukuhamba umgama omfutshane, ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokubona indawo.
Ukushwankathela, nangona izithuthuthu zombane kunye neenqwelo zombane zombini ziyindlela yokuthutha yombane, kukho ukungafani okuthile ngokwenkcazo, ukubonakala kunye nokwakheka, ukusebenza kunye neempawu, imarike kunye nokusetyenziswa. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuphuculwa kokwazisa ngokusingqongileyo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, izithuthuthu zombane kunye nezithuthi zombane ziya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye ziphuhliswe. Kwangaxeshanye, inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kunye nokwakhiwa kwezibonelelo zokutshaja nazo ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lwezithuthuthu zombane kunye nezithuthi zombane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-08-2024