Mokhahlelo oa pele
Nalane ea likoloi tsa motlakase e etella pele likoloi tsa rona tse tloaelehileng tse tsamaisoang ke lienjineri tse tukang ka hare.Ntate oa koloi ea DC, moqapi le moenjiniere oa Hungarian Jedlik Ányos, o ile a leka ka lekhetlo la pele lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse potolohang ka motlakase ka laboratoring ka 1828. American Thomas Davenport Thomas Davenport o ile a etsa koloi ea pele ea motlakase e tsamaisoang ke mochine oa DC ka 1834. Ka 1837, Thomas Davenport kahoo a fumana tokelo ea pele ea molao indastering ea likoloi ea Amerika.Pakeng tsa 1832 le 1838, Scotsman Robert Anderson o ile a qapa koloi ea motlakase, koloi e tsamaisoang ke libeteri tsa mantlha tse neng li ke ke tsa tjhajoa hape.Ka 1838, Robert Davidson oa Scotland o ile a qapa terene ea motlakase.Terene e ntseng e sebetsa tseleng ke patent e hlahileng Brithani ka 1840.
Histori ea likoloi tsa motlakase tsa betri.
Koloi ea pele ea lefatše ea motlakase e hlahile ka 1881. Moqapi e ne e le moenjiniere oa Lefora Gustave Trouvé Gustave Trouvé, eo e neng e le baesekele e mabili a mararo e tsamaisoang ke libeteri tsa loto;Koloi ea motlakase e qapiloeng ke Davidson a sebelisa betri ea mantlha kaha matla ha a e-so kenyelelitsoe sebakeng sa netefatso ea machabeng.Hamorao, libeteri tsa asiti ea lead, libeteri tsa nickel-cadmium, libeteri tsa nickel-metal hydride, libeteri tsa lithium-ion le lisele tsa mafura li ile tsa hlaha e le matla a motlakase.
Nako e bohareng
1860-1920 sethaleng: Ka nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea betri, tšebeliso ea likoloi tsa motlakase e ne e sebelisoa haholo Europe le Amerika karolong ea bobeli ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo.Ka 1859, setsebi se seholo sa fisiks le moqapi oa Lefora Gaston Plante o ile a qapa beteri ea lead-acid e ka nchafatsoang hape.
Ho tloha bofelong ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo ho isa ho 1920, likoloi tsa motlakase li ne li e-na le melemo e mengata ho feta likoloi tse khannoang ka har'a enjene e tukang 'marakeng oa pele oa likoloi: ha ho monko, ha ho thothomela, ha ho lerata, ha ho hlokahale ho fetola likere le theko e tlase, e entseng tse tharo Arola 'maraka oa likoloi oa lefatše.
Plateau
1920-1990 sethaleng: Ka nts'etsopele ea oli ea Texas le ntlafatso ea theknoloji ea mochine o tukang ka hare, likoloi tsa motlakase butle-butle li ile tsa lahleheloa ke melemo ea tsona ka mor'a 1920. 'Maraka oa likoloi butle-butle o nkeloa sebaka ke likoloi tse tsamaisoang ke lienjineri tse tukang ka hare.Ke palo e fokolang feela ea literempe le li-trolleybuse le palo e fokolang haholo ea likoloi tsa motlakase (ho sebelisa li-betri tsa lead-acid, tse sebelisoang lipapaling tsa golf, forklifts, joalo-joalo) li ntse li le metseng e seng mekae.
Tsoelo-pele ea likoloi tsa motlakase e theohile ka nako e fetang halofo ea lekholo la lilemo.Ka ho phalla ha mehloli ea oli ho ea 'marakeng, batho ba batla ba lebala ho ba teng ha likoloi tsa motlakase.Ha ho bapisoa le mahlale a sebelisoang likoloing tsa motlakase: koloi ea motlakase, lisebelisoa tsa betri, lipakete tsa betri ea matla, taolo ea betri, joalo-joalo, e ke ke ea ntlafatsoa kapa ea sebelisoa.
Nako ea ho hlaphoheloa
1990——: Mehloli ea oli e ntseng e fokotseha le tšilafalo e tebileng ea moea li ile tsa etsa hore batho ba ele hloko likoloi tsa motlakase hape.Pele ho 1990, khothaletso ea tšebeliso ea likoloi tsa motlakase e ne e le haholo-holo ke mekhatlo e ikemetseng.Ka mohlala, mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa thuto o thehiloeng ho 1969: Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Likoloi tsa Motlakase (Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Likoloi tsa Motlakase).Selemo se seng le se seng le halofo, Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Likoloi tsa Motlakase o tšoara likopano tsa litsebi tsa thuto ea likoloi tsa motlakase le lipontšo tsa Motlakase oa Likoloi tsa Motlakase le Exposition (EVS) linaheng tse sa tšoaneng le libakeng tse fapaneng ho pota lefatše.Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1990, baetsi ba likoloi ba ka sehloohong ba ile ba qala ho ela hloko tsoelo-pele ea nakong e tlang ea likoloi tsa motlakase 'me ba qala ho tsetela chelete le theknoloji tšimong ea likoloi tsa motlakase.Ho Los Angeles Auto Show ka Pherekhong 1990, mopresidente oa General Motors o ile a tsebisa lefatše koloi ea motlakase e hloekileng ea Impact.Ka 1992, Ford Motor e ile ea sebelisa betri ea calcium-sulfur Ecostar, ka 1996 Toyota Motor e sebelisitse betri ea Ni-MH RAV4LEV, ka 1996 Renault Motors Clio, ka 1997 koloi e nyalisitsoeng ea Toyota ea Prius ea hybrid e ile ea theoha moleng oa tlhahiso, ka 1997 koloi ea pele ea Nissan Motor ea lefatše Joy EV, koloi ea motlakase e sebelisang libeteri tsa lithium-ion, 'me Honda e ile ea lokolla le ho rekisa Hybrid Insight ka 1999.
Tsoelopele ea lapeng
E le indasteri e tala ea ho chaba ha letsatsi, likoloi tsa motlakase li 'nile tsa tsoela pele Chaena ka lilemo tse leshome.Mabapi le libaesekele tsa motlakase, qetellong ea 2010, libaesekele tsa motlakase tsa Chaena li ne li fihlile ho limilione tse 120, 'me sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo e ne e le 30%.
Ho latela pono ea tšebeliso ea matla, libaesekele tsa motlakase ke karolo ea borobeli feela ea lithuthuthu le karolo ea leshome le metso e 'meli ea likoloi;
Ho ea ka pono ea sebaka se tšoaretsoeng, sebaka se nkiloeng ke baesekele ea motlakase ke karolo ea mashome a mabeli feela ea likoloi tse tloaelehileng tsa poraefete;
Ho latela pono ea mokhoa oa nts'etsopele, tebello ea 'maraka ea indasteri ea libaesekele tsa motlakase e ntse e na le tšepo.
Libaesekele tsa motlakase li kile tsa ratoa ke lihlopha tse nang le chelete e tlaase le e bohareng metseng e meholo bakeng sa melemo ea tsona ea ts'ebetso e theko e tlaase, e loketseng, le e se nang tikoloho.Ho tloha lipatlisisong le nts'etsopele ea libaesekele tsa motlakase Chaena ho ea ho qala 'maraka ka lihlopha tse nyenyane bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-1990, ho fihlela tlhahiso le thekiso ho tloha ka 2012, e ntse e bontša tsoelo-pele ea kholo e kholo selemo le selemo.Ka lebaka la tlhoko e matla, 'maraka oa China oa libaesekele tsa motlakase o ntse o hola ka ho tlola le ho feta.
Lipalo-palo li bontša hore ka 1998, tlhahiso ea naha e ne e le 54 000 feela, ’me ka 2002 e ne e le 1.58 million.Ka 2003, tlhahiso ea libaesekele tsa motlakase Chaena e ne e fihlile ho feta limilione tse 4, e leng boemo ba pele lefatšeng.Karolelano ea sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo ho tloha ka 1998 ho isa ho 2004 se feta 120%..Ka 2009, tlhahiso e fihlile ho li-unit tse limilione tse 23.69, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 8.2%.Ha e bapisoa le 1998, e eketsehile ka makhetlo a 437, 'me lebelo la nts'etsopele le hlolla haholo.Karolelano ea kholo ea selemo le selemo ea tlhahiso ea libaesekele tsa motlakase lilemong tse ka holimo tsa lipalo-palo e ka bang 174%.
Ho ea ka likhakanyo tsa indasteri, ka 2012, boholo ba 'maraka oa libaesekele tsa motlakase bo tla fihla ho li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 100,' me monyetla oa 'maraka oa libeteri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase feela o tla feta li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 50.Ka March 18, 2011, mafapha a mane le likomishene li ile tsa ntša "Tsebiso ea ho Matlafatsa Tsamaiso ea Libaesekele tsa Motlakase", empa qetellong e ile ea e-ba "lengolo le shoeleng".Ho bolela hore indasteri ea likoloi tsa motlakase e tobane le khatello e kholo ea ho pholoha 'marakeng tikolohong e ntlafatsang nako e telele,' me lithibelo tsa maano li tla fetoha sabole e sa rarolloang bakeng sa ho phela ha likhoebo tse ngata;athe tikoloho e ka ntle, tikoloho e fokolang ea moruo oa machaba le ho hlaphoheloa ho fokolang, le tsona li etsa likoloi tsa motlakase Bonus ea ho romela likoloi e tla fokotseha haholo.
Mabapi le likoloi tsa motlakase, "Leano la Ntšetso-pele bakeng sa ho Boloka Matla le Liindasteri tsa Likoloi tse Ncha tsa Matla" le tlalehiloe ka ho hlaka ho Lekhotla la Naha, 'me "Leano" le phahamiselitsoe boemong ba leano la naha, ka sepheo sa ho beha boemo bo bocha. bakeng sa indasteri ea likoloi.Jwaloka e nngwe ya diindaseteri tse supileng tsa maano tse ntseng di hlaha tse hlwauweng ke mmuso, matsete a rerilweng a makoloi a matjha a matla a tla fihla ho diyuan tse dibilione tse 100 dilemong tse 10 tse tlang, mme theko ya thekiso e tla ba ya pele lefatsheng.
Ka 2020, indasteri ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla e tla phethahala, theknoloji ea ho boloka matla le likoloi tse ncha tsa matla le likarolo tsa bohlokoa li tla fihla boemong bo tsoetseng pele ba machaba, 'me karolo ea' maraka ea likoloi tse hloekileng tsa motlakase le likoloi tsa plug-in li tla fihla ho 5. milione.Tlhahlobo e bolela esale pele hore ho tloha 2012 ho ea ho 2015, karolelano ea selemo le selemo ea kholo ea thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase 'marakeng oa Chaena e tla fihla hoo e ka bang 40%, eo boholo ba eona e tla tsoa ho thekiso e hloekileng ea likoloi tsa motlakase.Ka 2015, China e tla ba 'maraka o moholo oa likoloi tsa motlakase Asia.
Nako ea poso: Jan-03-2023