Early stage
Nhoroondo yemotokari dzemagetsi yakafanotangira mota dzedu dzakajairika dzinofambiswa neinjini dzinopisa mukati.Baba vemotokari yeDC, muvambi wekuHungary uye mainjiniya Jedlik Ányos, vakatanga kuedza nemichina inotenderera yemagetsi murabhoritari muna 1828. Thomas Davenport wekuAmerica Thomas Davenport akagadzira motokari yemagetsi yekutanga yaityairwa neDC motor muna 1834. Muna 1837, Thomas saka akawana yekutanga patent muAmerican mota indasitiri.Pakati pe1832 na1838, Scotsman Robert Anderson akagadzira ngoro yemagetsi, motokari inoshandiswa nemabhatiri ekutanga aisakwanisa kubhadharwa.Muna 1838, Scottish Robert Davidson akagadzira chitima chemagetsi.Iyo tramu ichiri kufamba munzira i patent yakaonekwa muBritain muna 1840.
Nhoroondo yebhatiri mota dzemagetsi.
Motokari yemagetsi yekutanga munyika yakaberekwa muna 1881. Muvambi aiva injiniya wechiFrench Gustave Trouvé Gustave Trouvé, iro raiva bhasikoro rine matatu rinofambiswa nemabhatiri elead-acid;Motokari yemagetsi yakagadzirwa naDavidson achishandisa bhatiri rekutanga sezvo simba harina kuverengerwa muchikamu chekusimbiswa kwenyika.Gare gare, mabhatiri e-lead-acid, nickel-cadmium mabhatiri, nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri, lithium-ion mabhatiri, uye masero emafuta akaonekwa sesimba remagetsi.
Mid term
1860-1920 nhanho: Nekuvandudzwa kwebhatiri tekinoroji, kushandiswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi kwakashandiswa zvakanyanya muEurope neAmerica muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore re19.Muna 1859, nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuFrance uye muvambi Gaston Plante akagadzira bhatiri rechargeable lead-acid.
Kubva pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 kusvika 1920, mota dzemagetsi dzaive nezvakanakira kupfuura mota dzemukati dzinofambiswa neinjini mumusika wekutanga wevatengi vemotokari: hapana kunhuwa, hapana kudedera, hapana ruzha, hapana chikonzero chekuchinja magiya uye mutengo wakaderera, wakagadzira matatu Govera musika wemotokari wepasirese.
Plateau
1920-1990 nhanho: Nekuvandudzwa kweTexas mafuta uye kuvandudzwa kweinjini yekupisa tekinoroji, mota dzemagetsi zvishoma nezvishoma dzakarasa zvakanakira mushure me1920. Musika wemotokari unotsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma nemotokari dzinofambiswa neinjini dzinopisa mukati.Nhamba shoma chete yematomu nematrolleybus uye nhamba shoma yemotokari dzemagetsi (uchishandisa lead-acid bhatiri packs, inoshandiswa mumitambo yegorofu, forklifts, nezvimwewo) inoramba iri mumaguta mashomanana.
Kuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi kwakamira kweanopfuura hafu yezana remakore.Nekufamba kuri kuita mafuta kumusika, vanhu vanenge vokanganwa kuvapo kwemotokari dzemagetsi.Kuenzaniswa nematekinoroji anoshandiswa mumotokari dzemagetsi: dhiraivha yemagetsi, bhatiri zvinhu, simba bhatiri packs, bhatiri manejimendi, nezvimwewo, haigone kugadzirwa kana kushandiswa.
Recovery nguva
1990——: Zviwanikwa zveoiri zviri kuderera uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakakomba kwakakonzera kuti vanhu vateererezve motokari dzemagetsi.Pamberi pe1990, kukurudzirwa kwekushandiswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi kwainyanya nevega.Semuenzaniso, sangano risiri rehurumende redzidzo rakavambwa muna 1969: World Electric Vehicle Association (World Electric Vehicle Association).Gore rega rega nehafu, World Electric Vehicle Association inobata nyanzvi dzemagetsi mota dzedzidzo makonferensi uye kuratidzwa kweMagetsi Vehicle Symposium uye Exposition (EVS) munyika dzakasiyana nematunhu pasirese.Kubva kuma1990, vagadziri vakuru vemotokari vakatanga kuterera kune ramangwana rekuvandudza mota dzemagetsi uye vakatanga kuisa mari uye tekinoroji mumunda wemotokari dzemagetsi.PaLos Angeles Auto Show muna Ndira 1990, mutungamiri weGeneral Motors akaunza iyo Impact yakachena mota yemagetsi kupasi.Muna 1992, Ford Motor yakashandisa calcium-sarufa bhatiri Ecostar, muna 1996 Toyota Motor yakashandisa Ni-MH bhatiri RAV4LEV, muna 1996 Renault Motors Clio, muna 1997 motokari yeToyota Prius hybrid yakakunguruka kubva pamutsetse wekugadzira, muna 1997 Nissan Motor mota yekutanga pasi rose. Joy EV, motokari yemagetsi inoshandisa lithium-ion mabhatiri, uye Honda yakasunungurwa uye yakatengesa Hybrid Insight muna 1999.
Kufambira mberi kwemumba
Seindasitiri yegirinhi yekubuda kwezuva, mota dzemagetsi dzave nemakore gumi dzichikura muChina.Nezve mabhasikoro emagetsi, pakupera kwe2010, mabhasikoro emagetsi eChina akanga asvika mamiriyoni zana nemakumi maviri, uye kukura kwegore negore kwaiva 30%.
Kubva pakuona kwekushandiswa kwesimba, mabhasikoro emagetsi anongova chikamu chesere chemidhudhudhu uye chikamu chegumi nembiri chemotokari;
Kubva pakuona kwenzvimbo yakagarwa, nzvimbo inogarwa nebhasikoro remagetsi inongova chikamu chimwe chete pamakumi maviri cheiyo yemotokari dzakasarudzika;
Kubva pamaonero ebudiriro, tarisiro yemusika yeindasitiri yemabhasikoro emagetsi ichiri netariro.
Mabhasikoro emagetsi aimbofarirwa nemapoka emari yepasi nepakati mumaguta nekuda kwezvakachipa, zviri nyore, uye zvakatipoteredza-zvine hushamwari.Kubva pakutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwemabhasikoro emagetsi muChina kusvika pakutanga musika mumabheji madiki pakati pemakore ekuma1990, kusvika pakugadzirwa uye kutengesa kubva muna 2012, yanga ichiratidzira kukura kwakanyanya gore negore.Nekuda kwekuda kwakasimba, musika weChina bhasikoro remagetsi wave kukura nekusvetuka-svetuka.
Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti muna 1998, nyika yaingove 54 000 chete, uye muna 2002 yakasvika mamiriyoni 1,58.Pakazosvika 2003, kubuda kwemabhasikoro emagetsi muChina kwakasvika kudarika mamiriyoni mana, achiiswa pekutanga pasi rose.Avhareji yekukura kwegore kubva muna 1998 kusvika 2004 yakapfuura 120%..Muna 2009, zvakabuda zvakasvika 23.69 miriyoni zvikamu, gore-pa-gore kuwedzera kwe8.2%.Kuenzaniswa ne1998, yakawedzera ne437 nguva, uye kukurumidza kwekusimudzira kunoshamisa.Avhareji yegore yekukura kweyero yekugadzirwa kwebhasikoro remagetsi mumakore epamusoro ehuwandu ndeye 174%.
Zvinoenderana nekufanotaura kweindasitiri, panosvika gore ra2012, saizi yemusika wemabhasikoro emagetsi ichasvika 100 bhiriyoni yeyuan, uye mukana wemusika wemabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi chete uchapfuura 50 bhiriyoni yuan.Musi waMarch 18, 2011, masangano mana nemakomisheni akabatanidzwa pamwe chete "Chiziviso chekusimbisa Kutungamirirwa kweMagetsi Mabhasikoro", asi pakupedzisira yakava "tsamba yakafa".Zvinoreva kuti indasitiri yemotokari yemagetsi yakatarisana nekumanikidzwa kukuru kwekupona kwemusika munzvimbo yekuvandudza kwenguva refu, uye zvirambidzo zvemitemo zvichave bakatwa risina kugadziriswa rekupona kwemabhizinesi mazhinji;nepo nharaunda yekunze, iyo isina simba yepasi rose mamiriro ehupfumi uye kupora kusimba, kuitawo mota dzemagetsi Iyo bhonasi yekuburitsa kunze kwemotokari ichaderedzwa zvakanyanya.
Panyaya yemotokari dzemagetsi, "Chirongwa chekuvandudza kweMagetsi-Kuchengetedza uye New Energy Automobile Industry" yakataurirwa zvakajeka kuHurumende yeHurumende, uye "Chirongwa" chakakwidziridzwa kusvika kune imwe nyika, nechinangwa chekuisa mamiriro matsva. yeindasitiri yemotokari.Seimwe yemaindasitiri manomwe ari kusimukira anoonekwa nenyika, mari yakarongwa mumotokari dzemagetsi matsva ichasvika 100 bhiriyoni yuan mumakore gumi anotevera, uye huwandu hwekutengesa huchatanga munyika.
Pakazosvika 2020, indasitiri yemotokari itsva dzesimba ichave yaitika, tekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba uye mota nyowani uye zvinhu zvakakosha zvichasvika padanho repamusoro repasi rose, uye chikamu chemusika chemotokari dzemagetsi dzakachena uye plug-in hybrid mota dzichasvika pa5. mamiriyoni.Ongororo inofanotaura kuti kubva 2012 kusvika 2015, avhareji yekukura kwegore rekutengesa mota yemagetsi mumusika weChina ichasvika inosvika makumi mana muzana, mazhinji ayo achauya kubva yakachena yemagetsi mota yekutengesa.Pakazosvika 2015, China ichave musika mukuru wemotokari dzemagetsi muAsia.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-03-2023