Nigute dushobora gutandukanya moto z'amashanyarazi n'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi?

Nubwomoton'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi byombi bikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi yo gutwara, hari itandukaniro runaka mubisobanuro, isura n'imiterere, imikorere nibiranga, isoko nibisabwa. Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga hamwe no kuzamura imibereho yabantu, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byahindutse bumwe muburyo bwingenzi bwo gutwara abantu. Nyamara, ku isoko, amazina n'ibisobanuro bya moto z'amashanyarazi n'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi rimwe na rimwe bitera urujijo. Iyi ngingo izasobanura itandukaniro riri hagati ya moto n’amashanyarazi kugirango bigufashe kumva neza ubu buryo bubiri bwo gutwara.

Iya mbere ni ibisobanuro no gutondekanya; ipikipiki y'amashanyarazi ni ipikipiki itwarwa n'amashanyarazi, ubusanzwe ikoresha moteri y'amashanyarazi aho gukoresha moteri gakondo yo gutwika. Ibipimo byerekana amapikipiki yumuriro nkumuvuduko, kwihuta nintera yo gutwara bisa na moto gakondo, ariko inkomoko yabyo iratandukanye. Dukurikije amabwiriza y’igihugu abigenga, amapikipiki y’amashanyarazi ari mu cyiciro cy’ibinyabiziga kandi bisaba kwiyandikisha, uruhushya rwo gutwara n’ibindi bikorwa.

Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi mubisanzwe bivuga ibinyabiziga bikoreshwa namashanyarazi, bizwi kandi nkibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Ugereranije n’imodoka gakondo za lisansi, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bifite sisitemu zitandukanye, sisitemu zohereza, nuburyo bwumubiri. Nkuko amategeko abigenga abiteganya, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nabyo biri mubyiciro byimodoka kandi bisaba kwiyandikisha, uruhushya rwo gutwara nubundi buryo. Nyamara, hari ubwoko bwinshi bwibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, harimo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byera, ibinyabiziga bivangavanze, hamwe n’ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu za hydrogène.

Iya kabiri ni isura n'imiterere; isura n'imiterere ya moto z'amashanyarazi bisa na moto gakondo. Mubisanzwe bafata ibiziga bibiri cyangwa ibiziga bitatu kandi bifite ubushobozi buke kandi bworoshye. Ibikoresho byumubiri wa moto yamashanyarazi muri rusange bikoresha ibyuma nibikoresho byinshi, kandi imiterere yumubiri iroroshye. Batare ya moto yamashanyarazi isanzwe ishyirwa munsi yumubiri cyangwa inyuma, naho moteri yamashanyarazi igashyirwa mumuziga cyangwa kuri shitingi.

Imiterere n'imiterere y'ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bisa nibinyabiziga gakondo. Mubisanzwe bafata ibiziga bine kandi bifite ihumure ryiza kandi bihamye. Ibikoresho byumubiri wibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nabyo bikoresha ibyuma nibikoresho byinshi, ariko imiterere yumubiri iragoye cyane, harimo chassis, umubiri, ipaki ya batiri, moteri yamashanyarazi na sisitemu yo kugenzura. Amapaki ya batiri yimodoka yamashanyarazi ubusanzwe ashyirwa munsi yumubiri cyangwa inyuma, kandi moteri yamashanyarazi ishyirwa mumuziga cyangwa kuri shitingi.

Icya gatatu ni imikorere n'ibiranga; ibintu bikomeye biranga moto z'amashanyarazi ni kurengera ibidukikije, kuzigama ingufu n'ubukungu. Zikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi, ntizifite imyuka ihumanya kandi zangiza ibidukikije. Muri icyo gihe, amapikipiki y’amashanyarazi atwara ingufu nke kandi ashobora gukora urugendo rurerure nyuma yo kwishyuza. Byongeye kandi, kugura no gufata neza amapikipiki y’amashanyarazi ni make ugereranije, bigatuma bikwiranye ningendo ndende no gutembera mumijyi. Nyamara, umuvuduko wo gutwara hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutwara moto zamashanyarazi ni muke, bigatuma bidakwiriye gukora urugendo rurerure rwihuta cyangwa gutwara ibintu biremereye.

Ibintu byingenzi biranga ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nukuzigama ingufu, kurengera ibidukikije nubwenge. Zikoreshwa kandi n’amashanyarazi, ntizifite imyuka ihumanya ikirere kandi zangiza ibidukikije. Muri icyo gihe, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nabyo bikoresha ingufu nke, ariko intera yo gutwara hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu biri hejuru. Byongeye kandi, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nabyo bifite ubwenge buhanitse, harimo imirimo nko gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga, kugendana ubwenge no kugenzura amajwi. Nyamara, kugura no gufata neza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birarenze, kandi ibikoresho byubaka nkibikoresho byo kwishyuza bigomba kubakwa.

Iya kane ni isoko no kuyishyira mu bikorwa; amapikipiki y'amashanyarazi afite porogaramu zimwe niterambere mu masoko yo mu gihugu no hanze. Mu bihugu no muri Aziya, nk'Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani na Tayilande, moto z'amashanyarazi zabaye imwe mu nzira nyamukuru zo gutwara abantu mu ngendo zo mu mujyi. Ahantu nko mu Burayi no muri Amerika ya Ruguru, moto z'amashanyarazi zagiye zamamara buhoro buhoro no gukoreshwa. Amapikipiki y'amashanyarazi afite uburyo bwinshi bwo gusaba, harimo ingendo zo mu mijyi, ingendo ndende, kugemura byihuse no gutembera.

Muri make, nubwo amapikipiki yamashanyarazi nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi aribwo buryo bwo gutwara abantu butwara amashanyarazi, hari itandukaniro runaka mubisobanuro, isura n'imiterere, imikorere nibiranga, isoko nibisabwa. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no kurushaho kumenyekanisha ibidukikije no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga, amapikipiki y’amashanyarazi n’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi bizakoreshwa cyane kandi bitezimbere. Muri icyo gihe, inkunga ya politiki ya leta no kubaka ibikoresho byo kwishyuza nabyo bizagira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere iterambere rya moto n’amashanyarazi.