Early stage
The history of electric vehicles predates our most common cars powered by internal combustion engines. The father of the DC motor, the Hungarian inventor and engineer Jedlik Ányos, first experimented with electromagnetically rotating action devices in the laboratory in 1828. American Thomas Davenport Thomas Davenport manufactured the first electric car driven by a DC motor in 1834. In 1837, Thomas thus obtained the first patent in the American motor industry. Between 1832 and 1838, Scotsman Robert Anderson invented the electric carriage, a vehicle powered by primary batteries that could not be recharged. In 1838, Scottish Robert Davidson invented the electric drive train. The tram still running on the road is a patent that appeared in Britain in 1840.
History of battery electric vehicles.
The world’s first electric car was born in 1881. The inventor was French engineer Gustave Trouvé Gustave Trouvé, which was a tricycle powered by lead-acid batteries; The electric vehicle invented by Davidson using a primary battery as power has not been included in the scope of international confirmation. Later, lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and fuel cells appeared as electric power.
Mid term
1860-1920 stage: With the development of battery technology, the use of electric vehicles was widely used in Europe and America in the second half of the 19th century. In 1859, the great French physicist and inventor Gaston Plante invented the rechargeable lead-acid battery.
From the end of the 19th century to 1920, electric vehicles had more advantages than internal combustion engine-driven vehicles in the early automobile consumer market: no smell, no vibration, no noise, no need to shift gears and low price, which formed the three Divide the world’s auto market.
Plateau
1920-1990 stage: With the development of Texas oil and the improvement of internal combustion engine technology, electric vehicles gradually lost their advantages after 1920. The automotive market is gradually being replaced by vehicles powered by internal combustion engines. Only a small number of trams and trolleybuses and a very limited number of electric vehicles (using lead-acid battery packs, used in golf courses, forklifts, etc.) remain in a few cities.
The development of electric vehicles has stagnated for more than half a century. With the rolling flow of oil resources to the market, people almost forget the existence of electric vehicles. Compared with the technologies used in electric vehicles: electric drive, battery materials, power battery packs, battery management, etc., cannot be developed or used.
Recovery period
1990——: The dwindling oil resources and the serious air pollution caused people to pay attention to electric vehicles again. Before 1990, the promotion of the use of electric vehicles was mainly by the private sector. For example, the non-governmental academic organization established in 1969: the World Electric Vehicle Association (World Electric Vehicle Association). Every year and a half, the World Electric Vehicle Association holds professional electric vehicle academic conferences and exhibitions Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exposition (EVS) in different countries and regions around the world. Since the 1990s, major automobile manufacturers began to pay attention to the future development of electric vehicles and began to invest capital and technology in the field of electric vehicles. At the Los Angeles Auto Show in January 1990, the president of General Motors introduced the Impact pure electric car to the world. In 1992, Ford Motor used calcium-sulfur battery Ecostar, in 1996 Toyota Motor used Ni-MH battery RAV4LEV, in 1996 Renault Motors Clio, in 1997 Toyota’s Prius hybrid car rolled off the production line, in 1997 Nissan Motor’s world’s first car The Prairie Joy EV, an electric vehicle using lithium-ion batteries, and Honda released and sold the Hybrid Insight in 1999.
Domestic progress
As a green sunrise industry, electric vehicles have been developing in China for ten years. In terms of electric bicycles, by the end of 2010, China’s electric bicycles had reached 120 million, and the annual growth rate was 30%.
From the perspective of energy consumption, electric bicycles are only one-eighth of motorcycles and one-twelfth of cars;
From the perspective of occupied space, the space occupied by an electric bicycle is only one-twentieth of that of ordinary private cars;
From the perspective of development trend, the market prospect of electric bicycle industry is still optimistic.
Electric bicycles were once favored by the low- and middle-income groups in cities for their cheap, convenient, and environmentally-friendly functional advantages. From the research and development of electric bicycles in China to the market launch in small batches in the mid-1990s, to the production and sales since 2012, it has been showing a momentum of substantial growth year by year. Due to strong demand, China’s electric bicycle market has been growing by leaps and bounds.
Statistics show that in 1998, the national output was only 54,000, and in 2002 it was 1.58 million. By 2003, the output of electric bicycles in China had reached more than 4 million, ranking first in the world. The average annual growth rate from 1998 to 2004 exceeded 120%. . In 2009, the output reached 23.69 million units, a year-on-year increase of 8.2%. Compared with 1998, it has increased by 437 times, and the development speed is quite amazing. The average annual growth rate of electric bicycle production in the above statistical years is about 174%.
According to industry forecasts, by 2012, the market size of electric bicycles will reach 100 billion yuan, and the market potential of electric vehicle batteries alone will exceed 50 billion yuan. On March 18, 2011, the four ministries and commissions jointly issued the “Notice on Strengthening the Management of Electric Bicycles”, but in the end it became “a dead letter”. It means that the electric vehicle industry is facing huge market survival pressure in a long-term improving environment, and policy restrictions will become an unresolved sword for the survival of many enterprises; while the external environment, the weak international economic environment and weak recovery, also make electric vehicles The export bonus of cars will be greatly reduced.
In terms of electric vehicles, the “Development Plan for Energy-Saving and New Energy Automobile Industry” has been clearly reported to the State Council, and the “Plan” has been elevated to a national strategic level, aiming to lay out a new situation for the automobile industry. As one of the seven strategic emerging industries identified by the state, the planned investment in new energy vehicles will reach 100 billion yuan in the next 10 years, and the sales volume will rank first in the world.
By 2020, the industrialization of new energy vehicles will be realized, the technology of energy-saving and new energy vehicles and key components will reach the international advanced level, and the market share of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles will reach 5 million. Analysis predicts that from 2012 to 2015, the average annual growth rate of electric vehicle sales in the Chinese market will reach about 40%, most of which will come from pure electric vehicle sales. By 2015, China will become the largest electric vehicle market in Asia.
Post time: Jan-03-2023