Matakin farko
Tarihin motoci masu amfani da wutar lantarki ya kasance kafin motocinmu na yau da kullun waɗanda ke amfani da injin konewa na ciki.Mahaifin motar DC, ɗan ƙasar Hungary mai ƙirƙira kuma injiniya Jedlik Ányos, ya fara gwada na'urori masu juyawa ta hanyar lantarki a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin 1828. Ba'amurke Thomas Davenport Thomas Davenport ya kera motar farko ta lantarki da injin DC ke tukawa a 1834. A 1837, Thomas ta haka ne aka sami haƙƙin mallaka na farko a cikin masana'antar motocin Amurka.Tsakanin 1832 zuwa 1838, dan kasar Scotsman Robert Anderson ya kirkiro karusar lantarki, abin hawa da batura na farko ke aiki wanda ba za a iya caji ba.A shekara ta 1838, dan kasar Scotland Robert Davidson ya kirkiro jirgin kasan tukin lantarki.Tram ɗin da har yanzu ke gudana akan hanya wani haƙƙin mallaka ne wanda ya bayyana a Biritaniya a cikin 1840.
Tarihin motocin lantarki na baturi.
An haifi motar farko mai amfani da wutar lantarki a duniya a shekara ta 1881. Wanda ya kirkiro shi ne injiniyan kasar Faransa Gustave Trouvé Gustave Trouvé, wadda ke da babur mai uku-uku da batir-acid;Motar lantarki da Davidson ya ƙirƙira ta amfani da baturi na farko a matsayin iko ba a haɗa shi cikin iyakokin tabbatar da ƙasa da ƙasa ba.Daga baya, batirin gubar-acid, baturan nickel-cadmium, batir hydride na nickel-metal, batir lithium-ion, da ƙwayoyin mai sun bayyana azaman wutar lantarki.
Tsakar lokaci
Mataki na 1860-1920: Tare da haɓaka fasahar baturi, amfani da motocin lantarki ya yi yawa a Turai da Amurka a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na 19.A cikin 1859, babban masanin kimiyyar lissafi na Faransa kuma mai ƙirƙira Gaston Plante ya ƙirƙira batirin gubar-acid mai caji.
Daga karshen karni na 19 zuwa 1920, motocin lantarki suna da fa'ida fiye da motocin da ke tuka injin konewa a farkon kasuwar masu amfani da motoci: babu wari, babu rawar jiki, babu hayaniya, babu buƙatar canza kaya da ƙarancin farashi, wanda ya haifar da uku Raba kasuwar motoci ta duniya.
Plateau
Mataki na 1920-1990: Tare da haɓakar mai na Texas da haɓaka fasahar injunan konewa na ciki, motocin lantarki sannu a hankali sun rasa fa'idodin su bayan 1920. A hankali kasuwar kera motoci ana maye gurbinsu da motocin da ke amfani da injin konewa na ciki.Kadan ne kawai na trams da trolleybuses da iyakataccen adadin motocin lantarki (amfani da fakitin baturin gubar-acid, da ake amfani da su a wasan golf, forklifts, da sauransu) sun rage a cikin ƴan garuruwa.
Ci gaban motocin lantarki ya tsaya cik sama da rabin karni.Da yawaitar albarkatun mai zuwa kasuwa, mutane sun kusan manta da wanzuwar motocin lantarki.Idan aka kwatanta da fasahohin da ake amfani da su a cikin motocin lantarki: injin lantarki, kayan baturi, fakitin baturi, sarrafa baturi, da sauransu, ba za a iya haɓaka ko amfani da su ba.
Lokacin farfadowa
1990——: Rushewar albarkatun mai da kuma mummunar gurɓacewar iska ya sa mutane sun sake mai da hankali ga motocin lantarki.Kafin 1990, haɓaka amfani da motocin lantarki ya kasance mafi yawa daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.Misali, ƙungiyar ilimi mai zaman kanta da aka kafa a 1969: Ƙungiyar Motocin Wutar Lantarki ta Duniya (Ƙungiyar Motocin Lantarki ta Duniya).Kowace shekara da rabi, Ƙungiyar Motocin Wutar Lantarki ta Duniya tana gudanar da ƙwararrun tarurrukan ilimi na abin hawa lantarki da nune-nunen Taro na Motocin Lantarki da Bayyanawa (EVS) a ƙasashe da yankuna daban-daban na duniya.Tun daga shekarun 1990, manyan masana'antun kera motoci sun fara mai da hankali kan ci gaban motocin lantarki a nan gaba kuma sun fara zuba jari da fasaha a fannin motocin lantarki.A wurin nunin motoci na Los Angeles a watan Janairun 1990, shugaban General Motors ya gabatar da Tasirin Motar lantarki mai tsafta ga duniya.A shekara ta 1992, Ford Motor ya yi amfani da baturin calcium-sulfur Ecostar, a 1996 Toyota Motor ya yi amfani da baturin Ni-MH RAV4LEV, a 1996 Renault Motors Clio, a 1997 Toyota's Prius hybrid mota ya birkice layin samarwa, a cikin 1997 Nissan Motor's Mota ta farko a duniya. Joy EV, motar lantarki da ke amfani da batir lithium-ion, kuma Honda sun saki kuma suka sayar da Hybrid Insight a 1999.
Ci gaban cikin gida
A matsayin masana'antar fitowar rana, motocin lantarki suna haɓakawa a kasar Sin tsawon shekaru goma.A fannin kekuna masu amfani da wutar lantarki, ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2010, kekunan lantarki na kasar Sin sun kai miliyan 120, kuma yawan karuwar da aka samu a shekara ya kai kashi 30%.
Ta fuskar amfani da makamashi, kekuna masu amfani da wutar lantarki kashi daya bisa takwas ne kawai na babura da kashi goma sha biyu na motoci;
Ta fuskar sararin samaniya, sararin da keken lantarki ya mamaye shi ne kawai kashi ɗaya cikin ashirin na motocin talakawa masu zaman kansu;
Dangane da yanayin ci gaba, hasashen kasuwa na masana'antar kekunan lantarki har yanzu yana da kyakkyawan fata.
Ƙungiyoyin masu ƙanƙanta da matsakaitan masu shiga tsakani a birane sun taɓa fifita kekunan wutar lantarki saboda fa'idodin aikinsu mai arha, dacewa da muhalli.Tun daga bincike da haɓaka kekuna masu amfani da wutar lantarki a kasar Sin, har zuwa farkon kasuwa a cikin ƙananan sahu a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, zuwa samarwa da tallace-tallace tun daga shekarar 2012, ana samun ci gaba mai yawa daga shekara zuwa shekara.Sakamakon bukatu mai karfi, kasuwar kekunan wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin tana karuwa da tsalle-tsalle.
Alkaluma sun nuna cewa a shekarar 1998, yawan abin da aka fitar a kasar ya kai 54,000 kacal, kuma a shekarar 2002 ya kai miliyan 1.58.Ya zuwa shekarar 2003, yawan kekunan lantarki a kasar Sin ya kai fiye da miliyan 4, wanda ya zama na farko a duniya.Matsakaicin girma na shekara-shekara daga 1998 zuwa 2004 ya wuce 120%..A cikin 2009, abin da aka fitar ya kai raka'a miliyan 23.69, karuwar shekara-shekara na 8.2%.Idan aka kwatanta da 1998, ya karu da sau 437, kuma saurin ci gaba yana da ban mamaki sosai.Matsakaicin haɓakar haɓakar kekunan lantarki na shekara-shekara a cikin shekarun ƙididdiga na sama ya kai kusan 174%.
Bisa hasashen masana'antu, ya zuwa shekarar 2012, girman kasuwar kekunan lantarki zai kai yuan biliyan 100, kuma karfin kasuwar batirin motocin lantarki kadai zai zarce yuan biliyan 50.A ranar 18 ga Maris, 2011, ma'aikatu da kwamitocin guda huɗu tare sun ba da sanarwar "Ƙarfafa Gudanar da Kekunan Lantarki", amma a ƙarshe ya zama "mataccen wasiƙa".Yana nufin cewa masana'antun motocin lantarki suna fuskantar babban matsin rayuwa na kasuwa a cikin ingantaccen yanayi na dogon lokaci, kuma ƙuntatawa manufofin za su zama takobin da ba a warware ba don rayuwar masana'antu da yawa;yayin da yanayin waje, raunin yanayin tattalin arziki na kasa da kasa da raunin farfadowa, suma ke yin motoci masu amfani da wutar lantarki.
Dangane da motocin lantarki, an ba da rahoto a fili ga Majalisar Jiha "Tsarin Ci gaba don Ajiye Makamashi da Sabbin Masana'antar Motocin Makamashi", kuma an ɗaukaka "Shirin" zuwa matakin dabarun ƙasa, da nufin shimfida sabon yanayi. don masana'antar mota.A matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masana'antu 7 masu tasowa bisa manyan tsare-tsare da jihar ta bayyana, shirin zuba jarin sabbin motocin makamashi zai kai yuan biliyan 100 nan da shekaru 10 masu zuwa, kuma adadin sayar da kayayyaki zai zama na farko a duniya.
Nan da shekarar 2020, masana'antu na sabbin motocin makamashi za su tabbata, fasahar ceton makamashi da sabbin motocin makamashi da muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi ci gaba za su kai matakin ci gaba na kasa da kasa, kuma kasuwar hada-hadar motoci masu amfani da wutar lantarki za ta kai 5. miliyan.Binciken ya yi hasashen cewa, daga shekarar 2012 zuwa 2015, matsakaicin karuwar cinikin motocin lantarki a kowace shekara a kasuwannin kasar Sin zai kai kusan kashi 40 cikin 100, wanda mafi yawansu za su fito ne daga sayar da motocin lantarki masu tsafta.Nan da shekarar 2015, kasar Sin za ta zama babbar kasuwar motocin lantarki a Asiya.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-03-2023